A new variant of mpox, previously known as monkeypox, has been identified as clade 1b, with confirmed cases in Sweden and Pakistan after its initial detection in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This variant is considered the most dangerous so far, leading to a global health emergency declared by the World Health Organization due to its spread to 13 African countries, resulting in over 15,600 cases and 537 deaths.
Infectious diseases expert Professor Paul Hunter has stated that it is “very likely” that the new variant is already present in the UK. However, confirmation may take a few weeks as individuals with symptoms need to visit a doctor for testing and sequencing to determine the specific clade of mpox they have contracted. The disease manifests with blisters and flu-like symptoms before the characteristic appearance of mpox becomes evident.
Mpox is primarily transmitted through sexual contact with fluid from lesion sites, making individuals involved in certain “sexual networks” more susceptible. While infection through skin-to-skin contact or reused towels is possible but rare, the risk of transmission is considered low by the UK Health Security Agency. The existing mpox vaccine is believed to be effective against the new clade 1b variant.
Although the mortality rate in Africa for the new variant is estimated at 3-4%, Professor Hunter suggests that it may be lower in European populations. Providing good supportive care to keep individuals alive until they recover on their own has been cited as an effective way to reduce mortality rates. Despite causing mild illness in most individuals, those with potential infections are advised to seek medical attention at a genito-urinary clinic or consult a GP.
This new variant of mpox serves as a prompt for increased awareness and vigilance, especially in healthcare settings and individuals engaging in risky sexual behaviors. The ongoing presence of the less severe clade 2 variant highlights the importance of vaccination and proactive measures to prevent the spread of the disease. Vigilance and early detection are crucial in containing the spread of mpox and mitigating its impact on public health.
The emergence of a deadlier variant of mpox highlights the need for heightened surveillance, diagnostic testing, and public health interventions. While the risk of infection is relatively low for the general population, targeted efforts are necessary to address high-risk groups and prevent further transmission. The collaboration between healthcare professionals, public health agencies, and the community is essential in mitigating the impact of new infectious disease threats like the clade 1b variant of mpox.
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