When viruses invade our bodies, they can leave behind traces of their DNA that linger in our genomes for generations. These remnants, known as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), were once considered dormant and insignificant. However, recent research led by University of Colorado bioinformatician Atma Ivancevic has revealed that cancers can actually exploit these zombie virus parts to promote their own growth.
ERVs, previously dismissed as ‘junk’ DNA, played a crucial role in the evolution of mammals by contributing to the development of the placenta. Without these remnants of ancient viral infections, our existence as humans would not be possible. Yet, just like any other biological element, ERVs come with their own set of drawbacks that we are only beginning to comprehend.
In a recent study conducted on colorectal cancer tissues, researchers discovered that a specific ERV known as LTR10 had a significant influence on the expression of genes associated with tumor formation. By disabling the LTR10 genes in human colorectal tumor cells and in mice, the researchers were able to deactivate genes responsible for promoting cancer growth, such as XRCC4 which is linked to therapy resistance. This breakthrough allowed for more effective tumor-reducing treatments in mice.
Further analysis by Ivancevic and his team revealed that LTR10 functions as an epigenetic switch, controlling the activation of cancer-related genes. This particular family of retroviruses was found to regulate up to 70 genes associated with cancer across different tumors. While the researchers could identify the genes controlled by LTR10 in tumor cells, they emphasized the need for additional studies using patient-derived organoids to confirm their role in cancer growth and progression.
As we age, our immune defenses weaken, potentially allowing more of these dormant virus remnants to become active. The researchers speculate that the reactivation of zombie virus parts in aging individuals could contribute to various health issues later in life. Scientists are gradually delving into the intricate aspects of our biology to uncover the underlying mechanisms behind complex conditions like cancer.
The discovery of the influence of zombie virus parts on cancer growth represents a significant advancement in our understanding of disease progression. By elucidating the role of ERVs in gene expression regulation within tumors, researchers are paving the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting these viral remnants to inhibit cancer development. Further exploration of the interplay between ancient virus sequences and disease states could unlock novel insights into the treatment and management of various health conditions.
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